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opposite surface

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  • Surface mining — is a type of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit are removed. It is the opposite of underground mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral removed through shafts or tunnels. Surface mining is… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface freezing — is the appearance of long range crystalline order in a near surface layer of a liquid. The surface freezing effect is opposite to a far more common surface melting, or premelting. Surface Freezing was experimentally discovered in melts of alkanes …   Wikipedia

  • Surface — This article discusses surfaces from the point of view of topology. For other uses, see Differential geometry of surfaces, algebraic surface, and Surface (disambiguation). An open surface with X , Y , and Z contours shown. In mathematics,… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface integral — In mathematics, a surface integral is a definite integral taken over a surface (which may be a curved set in space); it can be thought of as the double integral analog of the line integral. Given a surface, one may integrate over it scalar fields …   Wikipedia

  • surface analysis — ▪ chemistry Introduction       in analytical chemistry (chemistry), the study of that part of a solid that is in contact with a gas or a vacuum. When two phases of matter are in contact, they form an interface. The term surface is usually… …   Universalium

  • Surface normal — Normal vector redirects here. For a normalized vector, or vector of length one, see unit vector. A polygon and two of its normal vectors …   Wikipedia

  • Surface weather analysis — A surface weather analysis is a special type of weather map that provides a view of weather elements over a geographical area at a specified time based on information from ground based weather stations. [ Air Apparent: How Meteorologists Learned… …   Wikipedia

  • Surface diffusion — [ adatom diffusing across a square surface lattice. Note the frequency of vibration of the adatom is greater than the jump rate to nearby sites. Also, the model displays examples of both nearest neighbor jumps (straight) and next nearest neighbor …   Wikipedia

  • surface — The outer part of any solid. SYN: face (2) [TA], facies (2) [TA]. [F. fr. L. superficius, see superficial] acromial articular s. of clavicle SYN: acromial facet of clavicle. anterior s. [TA] the s. of a …   Medical dictionary

  • Surface selection rule — In surface vibrational spectroscopy, the surface selection rule is applied to identify the peaks observed in vibrational spectra. When a molecule is adsorbed on a substrate, the molecule induces opposite image charges in the substrate. The dipole …   Wikipedia

  • Surface of constant width — In geometry, a surface of constant width is a convex form whose width, measured by the distance between two opposite parallelplanes touching its boundary, is the same regardless of the direction of those two parallel planes. One defines the width …   Wikipedia

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